1. Heart Failure - 2 hours
   • Define pathophysiologic mechanism of heart failure.
   • Describe acute clinical signs and symptoms used to diagnose heart failure.
   • Interpret diagnostic tests used in evaluation of heart failure, including natriuretic peptides, echocardiography, chest radiograph and ECG findings.
   • Differentiate between heart failure preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF), based on current ACC/AHA and the ESC classifications.
   • Identify guideline-directed medical therapies for heart failure including beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors/ARBs, ARNIs, MRAs and SGLT2 inhibitors.
   • Outline indications for advanced therapies such as cardiac resynchronization therapy, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, mechanical circulatory support and heart transplantation.
   • Discuss common approaches to common complications associated with heart failure to include hypotension, worsening heart failure, and worsening kidney function.
2. Syncope - 1 hour
   • Define syncope and distinguish it from other causes of transient loss of consciousness.
   • Describe the major pathophysiological categories of syncope, including reflex (neurally mediated), orthostatic, and cardiac causes.
   • Identify high-risk features in the history, physical examination, and ECG that suggest a cardiac or life-threatening cause of syncope.
   • Perform a focused evaluation of a patient presenting with syncope, including history-taking, orthostatic vital signs, and appropriate diagnostic testing.
   • Interpret key diagnostic studies used in syncope evaluation, including ECG, prolonged electrocardiogram monitoring, echocardiogram, and tilt-table testing.
   • Outline evidence-based management strategies for common syncope including vasovagal, orthostatic hypotension, and cardiac.
   • Recognize red flags that warrant urgent evaluation.
3. Palpitations - 1 hour
   • Define palpitations and describe common patient-reported symptoms and descriptors.
   • Identify common etiologies of palpitations, including cardiac, psychiatric, metabolic, and substance-related causes.
   • Differentiate life-threatening causes of palpitations from benign etiologies using clinical features and initial diagnostic testing.
   • Outline evidence-based diagnostic approach to patients presenting with palpitations, including history, physical examination, ECG, ambulatory monitoring, and laboratory testing.
   • Interpret common arrhythmias associated with palpitations.
   • Develop individualized management plans based on underlying etiology, symptom burden, and risk stratification.
   • Recognize red flags that require urgent or emergent referral.
   • Incorporate recent advances and guidelines into the clinical evaluation and long-term management of patients presenting with palpitations.
4. 2025 Update on Hypertension and Evaluation of Severely Elevated Blood Pressure - 1 hour
   • Discuss hypertensive terminology to include severe asymptomatic hypertension and hypertensive emergency.
   • Identify key clinical features and signs of target-organ damage including neurologic, cardiac, renal, and vascular manifestation.
   • Recognize high-risk presentations such as hypertensive encephalopathy, acute aortic dissection, acute pulmonary edema, and acute renal failure.
   • Interpret relevant diagnostic studies to confirm target-organ damage.
   • Discuss appropriate intravenous antihypertensive agents based on the clinical scenario and comorbidities.
   • Discuss appropriate management of severe asymptomatic hypertension in both the inpatient and outpatient setting.
5. ECGs Not to Miss - 1 hour
   • Apply a systematic approach to ECG interpretation that enhances diagnostic confidence.
   • Recognize high-risk ECG findings associated with life-threatening cardiac conditions.
   • Detect arrhythmias with significant clinical implications.
   • Recognize conduction system abnormalities.
   • Distinguish ECG findings caused by non-cardiac conditions.
6. Atrial Fibrillation - 1 hour
   • Describe the pathophysiology and epidemiology of atrial fibrillation (AF), including key risk factors and disease progression.
   • Review the classifications of AF.
   • Recognize the clinical presentation of AF.
   • Discuss initial management of AF and selection of rate control agents.
   • Differentiate rate versus rhythm control strategies and apply evidence-based indications for each.
   • Interpret and apply risk stratification tools to guide anticoagulation decisions.
   • Compare pharmacologic efficacy and safety profiles of available oral anticoagulants, including warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs).
   • Recognize and manage bleeding risk and complications associated with anticoagulation use.
   • Evaluate perioperative and procedural anticoagulation management, including bridging strategies when necessary.
7. Review of Top Influential Clinical Trials - 1 hour

Dr. Martin's Topics

1. My Errors in Medicine Can Help You.
2. Chief Complaint of Chest Pain, So Now How Do I Work It Up?
3. A "Breathtaking Lecture," Asthma and COPD Updates.
4. "Stop Coughing on Me!" Pneumonia and Bronchitis Updates.
5. Does Patient Experience Matter?
6. Is it ONLY a Skin and Soft Tissue Infection?
7. "THIS is COVID Jeopardy!"
8. Applying Leadership Literature to Medicine